Variable power over ethernet based on link delay measurement

ABSTRACT

According to an example embodiment, an apparatus at a power source equipment (PSE) may include a transceiver configured to transmit and receive data via a communications link with a powered device (PD), and a controller configured to: determine a propagation delay of the communications link based on a message exchange between the PSE and the PD, the PSE and PD being connected via the communications link; and determine an amount of power to be supplied via Power Over Ethernet (POE) from the PSE to the PD via the communications link based on the propagation delay of the communications link.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional application Ser.No. 61/028,776, filed on Feb. 14, 2008, entitle “Variable Power OverEthernet Based on Link Delay Measurement,” hereby incorporated byreference.

BACKGROUND

Ethernet communications provide high speed data communications over acommunications link between communication nodes (or network devices)that are operating according to the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard. Thecommunications medium between the two nodes can be twisted pair wiresfor Ethernet, or other types of communications medium that areappropriate. Powers over Ethernet (POE) communication systems, based onIEEE 802.3af, may provide power and data communications over a commoncommunications link. More specifically, a power source device (e.g.,power source equipment (PSE)) connected to the physical layer of thefirst node of the communications link provides DC power (for example, 48volts DC) to a powered device (PD) at the second node of thecommunications link. The DC power is transmitted simultaneously from PSEto PD over the same communications medium that high speed data istransmitted between PD and PSE. In this manner, a separate power cablemay be avoided or unnecessary for the PD.

The PSE device may be a data switch, a computer, or other device, forexample. A PSE may include one or more data ports (or Ethernet ports).Each port may include a transceiver to transmit and receive data over adata link or communications medium (e.g., one or more twisted pairwires, or Ethernet cable) that may be connected to a data port onanother device or node. Herein, data ports and their corresponding linkscan be interchangeably referred to as data channels, communicationlinks, data links, etc, for ease of discussion.

Typical PD devices that use POE to receive power may include a widevariety of devices, such as, for example, Internet Protocol (IP) phones(Voice over IP (VoIP) phones), wireless access points, personalcomputing devices, such as a personal computer or a laptop computer,handheld devices, a camera (e.g., IP security camera), a print server,or other electronic device. Each type of PD may have a different powerrequirement. For example, the power requirements of personal computingdevices (e.g., laptops) are typically significantly higher than that ofVoIP phones, wireless access points, and other limited purpose devices(e.g., print server). In addition, a personal computing device maychange its power draw depending on its application load. Moreover,personal computing devices can power other devices such as USB devicesor external drives, for example, which will affect total power draw.

A PSE device (e.g., a PSE switch) may typically have a POE power budget,which may indicate a maximum amount of power (e.g., 200 W) available toprovide to one or more connected PDs (connected via one or more Ethernetports). IEEE 802.3af allows a maximum length of 100 meters for anEthernet cable or link between a PSE and PD. In allocating power to aPD, PSE devices typically assume that each PD is connected via a maximumlength (100 m) cable. Although, in some cases, PDs may be connected tothe PSE via shorter length links or cables. By assuming a 100 meter (ormaximum length) link or cable for all connected PDs, this may cause aPSE to allocate to each PD a greater amount of power than is necessary.This may unnecessarily decrease the number of PDs that may be supportedor the amount of power that is available for other PDs.

SUMMARY

Various embodiments are disclosed relating to variable power overEthernet based on a link delay measurement.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a high level illustration of a Power over Ethernet (POE)system 100 that provides both DC power and data communications over acommon data communications medium according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 2 provides a more detailed circuit diagram of the POE system 100,where PSE 102 provides DC power to PD 106 over conductor pairs 104 and110, for example.

FIG. 3 is a timing diagram illustrating a technique that may be used todetermine a propagation delay of a communications link based on amessage exchange between two nodes according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating operation of a power sourceequipment according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating operation of a PSE according toanother example embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating operation of a PD according to anexample embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a high level illustration of a Power over Ethernet (POE)system 100 that provides both DC power and data communications over acommon data communications medium according to an example embodiment.Referring to FIG. 1, power source equipment (PSE) 102 provides DC powerover conductors 104, 110 to a powered device (PD) 106 having arepresentative electrical load 108. The PSE 102 and PD 106 also includedata transceivers (transmitter/receiver) that transmit and receive dataaccording to, e.g., IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard. The term POE hereinmay refer to providing power over a communications link either forEthernet or other networking standard. Also, a more general term may be,for example, power over networking, which may include providing powerover any networking or communications link (including POE). Morespecifically, the PSE 102 includes a physical layer device on the PSEside that transmits and receives high speed data with a correspondingphysical layer device in the PD 106. Accordingly, the power transferbetween the PSE 102 and the PD 106 may occur simultaneously with theexchange of high speed data over the conductors 104, 110. In oneexample, the PSE 102 may be a data switch having multiple ports that isin communication with one or more PD devices, such as Internet phones,or wireless access points, or other network devices.

In an example embodiment, the conductor pairs 104 and 110 may carry highspeed differential data communications. In one example, the conductorpairs 104 and 110 each include one or more twisted wire pairs, or anyother type of cable or communications media capable of carrying the datatransmissions and DC power transmissions between the PSE and PD. Forexample, in Ethernet communications, the conductor pairs 104 and 110 caninclude multiple twisted pairs, for example four twisted pairs for 10Gigabit Ethernet. In 10/100 Ethernet, only two of the four pairs carrydata communications, and the other two pairs of conductors are unused.Herein, conductor pairs 104, 110 may also be referred to as wires,Ethernet cables, communication (or data) links, lines, communicationmedium or communication media, for ease of discussion.

FIG. 2 provides a more detailed circuit diagram of the POE system 100,where PSE 102 provides DC power to PD 106 over conductor pairs 104 and110, for example. PSE 102 includes a transceiver physical layer device(or PHY) 202 having full duplex transmit and receive capability throughdifferential transmit port 204 and differential receive port 206.(Herein, transceivers may be referred to as PHYs.) A first transformer208 couples high speed data between the transmit port 204 and the firstconductor pair 104. Likewise, a second transformer 212 couples highspeed data between the receive port 206 and the second conductor pair110. The respective transformers 208 and 212 pass the high speed data toand from the transceiver 202, but isolate any low frequency or DCvoltage from the transceiver ports, which may be sensitive to largevoltage values.

The first transformer 208 includes primary and secondary windings, wherethe secondary winding (on the conductor side) includes a center tap 210.Likewise, the second transformer 212 includes primary and secondarywindings, where the secondary winding (on the conductor side) includes acenter tap 214. The DC voltage supply 216 generates an output voltagethat is applied across the respective center taps of the transformers208 and 212 on the conductor side of the transformers. The center tap210 is connected to a first output of a DC voltage supply 216, and thecenter tap 214 is connected to a second output of the DC voltage supply216. As such, the transformers 208 and 212 isolate the DC voltage fromthe DC supply 216 from the sensitive data ports 204, 206 of thetransceiver 202. An example DC output voltage is 48 volts, but othervoltages could be used depending on the voltage/power requirements ofthe PD 106.

The PSE 102 further includes a PSE controller 218 that controls the DCvoltage supply 216, e.g., based on a classification load provided by thePD (based on the POE classification of the PD) and/or based on adetermined length (or link delay or propagation delay) of acommunications link (e.g., Ethernet cable) connecting the PD 106 and PSE102. As described in greater detail below, the length of the cable orcommunications link connecting the PSE 102 and PD 106 may be determinedbased on a propagation time for a packet transmitted across thecommunications link that connects the PD 106 and PSE 102. For example,if PSE 102 determines that the communications link (including conductorpairs 104, 110) between PD 106 and PSE 102 is shorter than the maximumlength of 100 m, then the PSE may provide less, or may decrease, powerto the PD.

Further, the PSE controller 218 may detect and validate a compatible PD,determine a power classification signature for the validated PD,determine a length of a communications link or cable between the PSD andPD, determine an amount of power to be supplied to the PD, and provideor supply power to the PD, monitors the power, and reduces or removesthe power from the PD when the power is no longer requested or required.During detection, if the PSE finds the PD to be non-compatible, the PSEcan prevent the application of power to that PD device, protecting thePD from possible damage.

Still referring to FIG. 2, the contents and functionality of the PD 106will now be discussed. The PD 106 includes a transceiver physical layerdevice 219 having full duplex transmit and receive capability throughdifferential transmit port 236 and differential receive port 234. Athird transformer 220 couples high speed data between the firstconductor pair 104 and the receive port 234. Likewise, a fourthtransformer 224 couples high speed data between the transmit port 236and the second conductor pair 110. The respective transformers 220 and224 pass the high speed data to and from the transceiver 219, butisolate any low frequency or DC voltage from the sensitive transceiverdata ports.

The third transformer 220 includes primary and secondary windings, wherethe secondary winding (on the conductor side) includes a center tap 222.Likewise, the fourth transformer 224 includes primary and secondarywindings, where the secondary winding (on the conductor side) includes acenter tap 226. The center taps 222 and 226 supply the DC power carriedover conductors 104 and 110 to the representative load 108 of the PD106, where the load 108 represents the dynamic power draw needed tooperate PD 106. A DC-DC converter 230 may be optionally inserted beforethe load 108 to step down the voltage as necessary to meet the voltagerequirements of the PD 106. Further, multiple DC-DC converters 230 maybe arrayed in parallel to output multiple different voltages (3 volts, 5volts, 12 volts, for example) to supply different loads 108 of the PD106.

The PD 106 further includes a PD controller 228 that monitors thevoltage and current on the PD side of the POE configuration. The PDcontroller 228 further provides the necessary impedance signatures(e.g., a resistance of approximately 25 kilo-ohms) on the returnconductor 110 during initialization, so that the PSE controller 218 willrecognize the PD as a valid POE device, and be able to classify itspower requirements.

During ideal operation, a direct current (I_(DC)) 238 flows from the DCpower supply 216 through the first center tap 210, and divides into afirst current (I₁) 240 and a second current (I₂) 242 that is carriedover conductor pair 104. The first current (I₁) 240 and the secondcurrent (I₂) 242 then recombine at the third center tap 222 to reformthe direct current (I_(DC)) 238 so as to power PD 106. On return, thedirect current (I_(DC)) 238 flows from PD 106 through the fourth centertap 226, and divides for transport over conductor pair 110. The returnDC current recombines at the second center tap 214, and returns to theDC power supply 216. As discussed above, data transmission between thePSE 102 and the PD 106 occurs simultaneously with the DC power supplydescribed above. Accordingly, in an example embodiment, a firstcommunication signal 244 and/or a second communication signal 246 aresimultaneously differentially carried via the conductor pairs 104 and110 between the PSE 102 and the PD 106. It is important to note that thecommunication signals 244 and 246 are differential signals thattypically are not affected by the DC power transfer.

As stated earlier, detection and power classification of a PD may be apart of the process of supplying power to a PD using POE. The PDcontroller 228 further provides the necessary impedance signatures(e.g., a resistance of approximately 25 kilo-ohms) on the returnconductor 110 during initialization, so that the PSE controller 218 willrecognize the PD as a valid POE device.

In an example embodiment, the PSE 102 may determine an amount of powerto be provided to PD 106 via POE based at least in part on a determinedlink delay or length of the communications link (104, 110) connecting PD106 and PSE 102. Either PSE 102 and/or PD 106 may determine a length ofa communications link or a propagation delay of the communications link(conductors 104, 110) that connects PD 106 and PSE 102. For example, theamount power to be provided to PD 106 may be determined (e.g, at leastin part) based on both a power classification and a length of thecommunications link (or link delay). Or, in another example embodiment,a classification load or signature supplied by PD 106 may be varied oradjusted based on the determined length of the communications link orthe propagation delay of the communications link that connects PD 106and PSE 102, or other power adjustment or selection may be performedbased on a determined link delay or length of the communications link,as described in greater detail below. POE Power classification will bedescribed, followed by a description of measuring or determining acommunications link delay (or propagation delay) or measuring the lengthof the communications link (conductors 104, 110), and then adjusting ordetermining the POE power supplied to the PD 106 based, at least inpart, on the length of the communications link or propagation delay ofthe communications link.

During an optional power classification, PD controller 228 of PD 106 mayprovide a classification signature (or classification load orclassification resistance) onto the line, e.g., onto conductor 110 toindicate power requirements of the PD 106, for example. During powerclassification, the PSE 102 may apply a voltage, e.g., across theconductors or communication links 104, 110 of between 14.5 volts and20.5 volts, and detects the resulting classification current. Theresulting classification current may be determined based on V/R_(class),where V is the voltage applied to the conductors by PSE 102 andR_(class) is the classification load (resistance) or classificationsignature applied by PD 106 during the power classification. Accordingto IEEE 802.3af, the power range provided by a PSE depends on theresulting classification current detected by the PSE, e.g., according toTable 1 below. Thus, applying a larger classification resistance maytypically result in a lower classification current. Also, in the absenceof classification, a PSE 102 may typically need to allocate the maximumpower of 12.95 W to the PD 106. Table 1 merely illustrates some examplepower and current values for different PD classifications, and thedisclosure is not limited thereto.

TABLE 1 Min Max Min Max classification classification Power to Power tocurrent current Class Usage PD (W) PD (W) (mA) (mA) 0 Default .44 12.950 4 1 Optional .44 3.84 9 12 2 Optional 3.84 6.49 17 20 3 Optional 6.4912.95 26 30 4 reserved reserved reserved 36 44

According to an example embodiment, a PSE 102 may determine or measure alength of a communications link (e.g., length of an Ethernet cable orlength of conductors 104, 110) connected between the PSE 102 and aconnected PD 106. The PSE 102 may then adjust (e.g., decrease) an amountof power provided via POE to the PD 106 based on the length of thecommunications link.

In an example embodiment, PSE controller 218 of PSE 102 may determine alength of a communications link (e.g., conductors 104, 110) based on apropagation delay across the link (or link delay). Once the propagationdelay across the link is known, the length of the link may bedetermined. For example, the length of a communications link (e.g.,lengths of the Ethernet cable or conductors 104, 110 connecting PD 106and PSE 102) may be determined based on Eqn. (1), for example.

Length(of communications link)=(prop. delay)(⅔ C)  Eqn. (1)

Where prop. delay is the measured or determined propagation delay forthe link (in seconds), and C is the speed of light (approximately 3×10⁸meters/second). In this example, the propagation speed on the link hasbeen determined to be ⅔ of the speed of light, or ⅔C.

In an example embodiment, the PSE 102 may then determine or adjust (orvary) the power supplied to the PD 106 via POE based on the length ofthe communications link connecting PSE 102 and PD 106 (or based on thelink delay). There are several different ways in which PSE 102 mayadjust or decrease the amount of power supplied to the PD. For example,for a maximum power of 3.84 W (watts) to be supplied to PD 106 as partof class 1, a portion of this allocated power may be required by the PD106 (e.g., 1.84 W), and the remainder (2 W) may be required to providesuch power via the 100 meter communications link, since power will beconsumed or dissipated (via the link) to provide power to the PD 106 viathe link due to the resistance of the communications link. This ismerely an example, and other numbers for power may be used. The totalresistance of the communications link may typically increase as thelength of the link increases. Thus, for a simple example, a 100M linkmay have approximately twice as much resistance as a 50M link, assumingthe links are otherwise the same or very similar.

Thus, in an example embodiment, 3.84 W maximum power may be specified,including 1.84 W to be provided to the PD 106, plus a total link powerof 2 W may be used for the link (in this example), assuming a maximumlength 100 m link. However, if the link is determined to be only 50 M,then the PSE 102 may decrease the supplied (or allocated) power by 1 W(to 2.84 W). Alternatively, if the lengths of the cable is only 10meters, then only 1/10^(th) of the power allocated to the cable (0.2 Win this example) may be necessary to supply the 1.84 W to PD 106. Thus,in such example, the supplied power may be decreased from 3.84 W to 2.04W due to use of a shorter communications link or Ethernet cable toconnect PD 106 and PSE 102. There are many different ways in which apropagation delay and/or determined length for a communications link maybe used to adjust or decrease supplied POE (or power over network)power. This is merely one example technique and others may be used aswell to determine a power savings due to a shorter or actual length ofthe link or Ethernet cable.

By adjusting the POE supplied power based on the actual or determinedlength of the communications link (e.g., based on the propagation delayfor the communications link) that connects the PD 106 and PSE 102, alower and more accurate amount of power may (at least in some cases) beallocated by PSE 102 to PD 106 from the PSE's power budget. Thus,measuring or estimating the length of the communications link based onthe propagation delay may allow a more accurate determination of theactual power required for the connected PD 106. This may allow unusedpower in the PSE's power budget to be used to power additional PDs, ormay allow a PSE to power a same number of PDs using a lower amount ofpower or using a smaller power supply, for example.

In a similar manner, PD 106 may measure or determine a length of thecommunications link (e.g., length of conductors 104, 110) or Ethernetcable that connects PD 106 and PSE 102 based on the propagation delayfor the communications link. PD 106 may determine or estimate a lengthof the communications link that connects PD 106 and PSE 102, e.g., basedon Eqn. (1), or using other technique. Once PD 106 knows the actual linklength, PD 106 may send a packet to PSE 102 indicating the actual lengthof the communications link or the propagation delay of thecommunications link (or associated reduction in power if a cable shorterthan 100 m is used), or indicating an actual power to be supplied to PD106. PSE 102 may then adjust the power supplied to PD 106 based on theactual length of the link (or based on link propagation delay) if PD 106has indicated the length of the communications link (or propagationdelay for the link), or PSE 102 may supply the requested power to PD 106if PD 106 has indicated a requested power (taking into account length ofthe communications link).

Alternatively, PD 106 may provide a classification resistance orclassification signature to PSE 102 based, at least in part, on theactual or measured length of the communications link or based on themeasured or determined propagation delay for the communications linkthat connects PD 106 and PSE 102. For example, PD 106 may require a basepower of 6 W (for the PD itself), plus 2 W associated with a maximumlink length of 100 meters, requiring a total power of 8 W to be suppliedby the PSE 102. If a communications link of length equal to 10 meters isused to connect PD 106 and PSE 102 (instead of 100 meters), a powersavings of 1.8 W may result (for example), since only 10% of 2 W (or 0.2W) may be required for the communications link. This may decrease thetotal power requirement for PSE 102 for PD 106 from 8 W to 6.2 W, inthis simple example. Thus, in this example, due to the decrease in totalpower requirements from 8 W to 6.2 W, PD 106 may provide aclassification signature or classification resistance associated withclass 2 (requires power up to 6.49 W), rather than requiring a signaturefor class 3 (which requires power between 6.49 W to 12.95 W). Thus, byPD 106 measuring or determining an actual length of the communicationslink, a different classification signature or classification resistancemay be provided by PD 106, which may result in PD 106 being classifieddifferently by PSE 102, and a lower (or different) amount of power maybe allocated or required by PSE 102. For example, PSE 102 may classifyPD 106 as a class 2 device based on the adjusted classificationsignature provided by PD 106. Thus, in this example, PSE 102 may berequired to allocate only 6.49 W to PD 106, rather than 12.95 W, basedon a determination of a propagation delay or length of thecommunications link. This may save power at PSE 102, or may allow PSE102 to power more devices for the same power budget, or may allow PSE102 to re-allocate this saved power to other devices.

According to an example embodiment, a PSE and/or a PD may determine apropagation delay of a communications link that connects to the PSE andPD based on a message exchange to determine a packet delay across thecommunications link. The propagation delay for the communications linkmay be measured or determined as a packet delay from PSE to PD, or thepacket delay from PD to PSE, or an average of these two delays, asexamples. In an example embodiment, a propagation delay for acommunications link may be determined by a PSE or PD based on a messageexchange (e.g., synchronization message exchange or other messageexchange) between a PSE and PD in accordance with (or compliant orconsistent with) IEEE 802.1AS, such as a propagation time measurementusing Pdelay (or delay) mechanism, for example.

FIG. 3 is a timing diagram illustrating a technique that may be used todetermine a propagation delay of a communications link based on amessage exchange between two nodes according to an example embodiment.Referring to FIG. 3, nodes A and B and shown, and each node (node A,node B) may include a local clock. Each node may be a PD or a PSE. Forexample, node A may be a PSE and node B a PD, or node A may be a PD andnode B a PSE, for example. The technique of FIG. 3 may begin with node A(or the requesting node or device) generating a time stamp, t₁, for adelay request message 310. The responder, or node B, receives this delayrequest message 310, and time stamps it with the time of receipt, timet₂ (or records the time t₂ of receipt of message 310). The responder, ornode B, returns a delay response message 320 to node A, and records thetransmission time t₃ (or generates a time stamp t₃ at the time oftransmission of message 320). Node B includes the time stamp t₂ in thedelay response message 320. Node A receives the delay response message320, and time stamps it upon receipt, with a receipt time t₄. Node Balso includes the time stamp t₃ in a delay response follow-up message330, which is received by node A. Note, for example, that times t1 andt4 may be specific to node A's local clock, while times t2 and t3 may bespecific to node B's clock. Thus, after transmission of all threemessages, 310, 320 and 330, that node A will know all four time stamps,t₁, t₂, t₃, and t₄. The propagation delay from node A to node B may bereferred to as t_(AB), while the propagation delay from node B to node Amay be referred to as t_(BA). The mean propagation delay (or propagationtime) between nodes A and B across the communications link may bedetermined based on the following equations.

t _(AB) =t ₂ −t ₁  (Eqn. 2)

t _(BA) =t ₄ −t ₃  (Eqn. 3)

However, the local clocks for nodes A and B may not be synchronized, sothe mean propagation delay may be calculated as:

T _(mean-prop)=(t _(AB) +t _(BA))/2=[(t ₄ −t ₁)−(t ₃ −t ₂)]/2.  (Eqn.4),

Where, t₄−t₁ may be the total transmission time for messages 310 and 320(including internal delays at node B), and t₃−t₂ may be the internalprocessing delay at node B (e.g., the time between receipt of message310 and transmission of message 320). Subtracting these two values mayprovide the total (or sum) propagation delay for both directions, as asum. This sum may then be divided by 2 to obtain an average or meanpropagation delay for the communications link connecting a PSE and PD(or between nodes A and B). The accuracy of this calculation of mean (oraverage) propagation delay for the communications link may be impactedby, for example, how short the interval is for t₃−t₂, how accurately thetimes t₁, t₂, t₃, and t₄ are measured, how close the frequencies of theclocks of node A and node B are, and any additional internal delays atnodes A and B. This merely illustrates one example technique formeasuring or determining a propagation delay for a communications link,and many other techniques may be used.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating operation of a power sourceequipment according to an example embodiment. At 310, the power sourceequipment (PSE) may determine a propagation delay of the communicationslink based on a message exchange between the PSE and the PD, the PSE andPD being connected via the communications link. At 320, the PSE maydetermine an amount of power to be supplied via POE from the PSE to thePD via the communications link based on the propagation delay of thecommunications link.

In another example embodiment, an apparatus at a power source equipment(PSE) may include a transceiver configured to transmit and receive datavia a communications link with a powered device (PD), and a controllerconfigured to: determine a propagation delay of the communications linkbased on a message exchange between the PSE and the PD, the PSE and PDbeing connected via the communications link; and determine an amount ofpower to be supplied via Power Over Ethernet (POE) from the PSE to thePD via the communications link based on the propagation delay of thecommunications link.

In an example embodiment, the controller may include a controller beingconfigured to determine a power classification of the PD, and whereinthe controller being configured to determine an amount of power to besupplied via POE from the PSE to the PD may include the controller beingconfigured to determine an amount of power to be supplied via Power OverEthernet (POE) from the PSE to the PD via the communications link basedon the power classification of the PD and the propagation delay of thecommunications link.

In another example embodiment, the controller may be configured todetermine a propagation delay based on a message exchange to determine apacket delay across the communications link.

In another example embodiment, the controller may be configured todetermine a propagation delay based on a synchronization messageexchange in accordance with IEEE 802.1AS to determine a packet delayacross the communications link.

In another example embodiment, the PSE may also include a power supply,the controller being further configured to control the power supply tosupply the determined amount of power to the PD via POE.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating operation of a PSE according toanother example embodiment. Operation 510 may include determine aclassification current in response to a classification load provided onthe communications link by the PD, the communications link connectingthe PD and the PSE. Operation 520 may include performing a powerclassification of the PD based on the classification current. Operation530 may include determining a propagation delay for the communicationslink. Operation 540 may include determining an amount of power to besupplied via Power Over Ethernet (POE) from the PSE to the PD via thecommunications link based on the power classification of the PD and thepropagation delay of the communications link.

In another example embodiment, an apparatus at a power source equipment(PSE) may include a transceiver configured to transmit and receive datavia a communications link with a powered device (PD), and a controllerconfigured to: determine a classification current a in response to aclassification load provided on the communications link by the PD, thecommunications link connecting the PD and the PSE; perform a powerclassification of the PD based on the classification current; determinea propagation delay for the communications link; and determine an amountof power to be supplied via Power Over Ethernet (POE) from the PSE tothe PD via the communications link based on the power classification ofthe PD and the propagation delay of the communications link.

In an example embodiment, the transceiver may include an Ethernettransceiver. In another example embodiment, the controller may beconfigured to determine a propagation delay for the communications linkbased on a synchronization message exchange between the PSE and the PD.

In another example embodiment, the controller may be configured todetermine a propagation delay for the communications link based on asynchronization message exchange between the PSE and the PD inaccordance with IEEE 802.1AS.

In another example embodiment, the controller may be configured todetermine a propagation delay for the communications link based on anaverage of the propagation delay from the PSE to the PD and the PD tothe PSE over the communications link.

In another example embodiment, the controller being configured todetermine an amount of power to be supplied via Power over Ethernet fromthe PSE to the PD may include the controller being configured to:determine, based on the link propagation delay for the communicationslink, a length of the communications link; and determine an amount ofpower to be supplied via Power over Ethernet from the PSE to the PD viathe communications link based on the power classification of the PD andthe length of the communications link.

In an example embodiment, the controller being configured to determinean amount of power to be supplied via Power over Ethernet from the PSEto the PD may include the controller being configured to: determine,based on the link propagation delay for the communications link, alength of the communications link; determine if the length of thecommunications link is greater than or equal to a threshold length;determine a first amount of power to be supplied to the PD if thecommunications link has a length that is greater than or equal to thethreshold length; and determine a second amount of power to be suppliedto the PD if the length of the communications link is less than thethreshold length, the second amount of power being less than the firstamount of power.

In an example embodiment, the controller being configured to determinean amount of power to be supplied via Power over Ethernet from the PSEto the PD may include the controller being configured to: determine,based on the link propagation delay for the communications link, alength of the communications link; determine if the length of thecommunications link is greater than or equal to a threshold length;determine, based on the power classification of the PD and the length ofthe communications link, a first amount of power to be supplied to thePD associated with the power classification of the PD if thecommunications link has a length that is greater than or equal to thethreshold length; and determine, based on the power classification ofthe PD and the length of the communications link, a second amount ofpower to be supplied to the PD if the length of the communications linkis less than the threshold length, the second amount of power being lessthan the first amount of power.

In an example embodiment, the apparatus at the PSE may further include apower supply, the controller being further configured to control thepower supply to supply the determined amount of power to the PD via POE.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating operation of a PD according to anexample embodiment. Operation 610 may include determining, based on thelink propagation delay for the communications link, a length of thecommunications link. Operation 620 may include determining aclassification load for the PD based on a power need of the PD and thelength of the communications link. Operation 630 may include providingthe determined classification load onto the communications link toindicate a requested power to a PSE.

In an alternative embodiment, the PD may determine the propagation delayfor the communications link, and then determine a desired or requiredpower for the PD, based on the length of the link or the propagationdelay of the communications link. The PD may then send a message to thePSE requesting the amount of power.

In an example embodiment, an apparatus at a powered device (PD) mayinclude a transceiver configured to transmit and receive data via acommunications link with a power source equipment (PSE), and acontroller configured to: determine, based on the link propagation delayfor the communications link, a length of the communications link;determine a classification load for the PD based on a power need of thePD and the length of the communications link; and provide the determinedclassification load onto the communications link to indicate a requestedpower to a PSE.

In an example embodiment, the controller configured to determine, basedon the link propagation delay for the communications link, a length ofthe communications link may include the controller configured todetermine a propagation delay for the communications link based on asynchronization message exchange between the PSE and the PD inaccordance with IEEE 802.1AS, and to determine a length of thecommunications link.

While certain features of the described implementations have beenillustrated as described herein, many modifications, substitutions,changes and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. Itis, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended tocover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spiritof the various embodiments.

1. An apparatus at a power source equipment (PSE) comprising: atransceiver configured to transmit and receive data via a communicationslink with a powered device (PD); and a controller configured to:determine a propagation delay of the communications link based on amessage exchange between the PSE and the PD, the PSE and PD beingconnected via the communications link; and determine an amount of powerto be supplied via Power Over Ethernet (POE) from the PSE to the PD viathe communications link based on the propagation delay of thecommunications link.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 and wherein thecontroller further comprises a controller being configured to determinea power classification of the PD, and wherein the controller beingconfigured to determine an amount of power to be supplied via POE fromthe PSE to the PD comprises the controller being configured to determinean amount of power to be supplied via Power Over Ethernet (POE) from thePSE to the PD via the communications link based on the powerclassification of the PD and the propagation delay of the communicationslink.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 and wherein the controller beingconfigured to determine a propagation delay comprises the controllerbeing configured to determine a propagation delay based on a messageexchange to determine a packet delay across the communications link. 4.The apparatus of claim 1 and wherein the controller being configured todetermine a propagation delay comprises the controller being configuredto determine a propagation delay based on a synchronization messageexchange in accordance with IEEE 802.1AS to determine a packet delayacross the communications link.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein theapparatus at the PSE further comprises a power supply, the controllerbeing further configured to control the power supply to supply thedetermined amount of power to the PD via POE.
 6. An apparatus at a powersource equipment (PSE) comprising: a transceiver configured to transmitand receive data via a communications link with a powered device (PD);and a controller configured to: determine a classification current inresponse to a classification load provided on the communications link bythe PD, the communications link connecting the PD and the PSE; perform apower classification of the PD based on the classification current;determine a propagation delay for the communications link; and determinean amount of power to be supplied via Power Over Ethernet (POE) from thePSE to the PD via the communications link based on the powerclassification of the PD and the propagation delay of the communicationslink.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the transceiver comprises anEthernet transceiver.
 8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the controllerbeing configured to determine a propagation delay for the communicationslink comprises a controller being configured to determine a propagationdelay for the communications link based on a synchronization messageexchange between the PSE and the PD.
 9. The apparatus of claim 6 whereinthe controller being configured to determine a propagation delay for thecommunications link comprises a controller being configured to determinea propagation delay for the communications link based on asynchronization message exchange between the PSE and the PD inaccordance with IEEE 802.1AS.
 10. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein thecontroller being configured to determine a propagation delay for thecommunications link comprises a controller being configured to determinea propagation delay for the communications link based on an average ofthe propagation delay from the PSE to the PD and the PD to the PSE overthe communications link.
 11. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein thecontroller being configured to determine an amount of power to besupplied via Power over Ethernet from the PSE to the PD comprises:determine, based on the link propagation delay for the communicationslink, a length of the communications link; and determine an amount ofpower to be supplied via Power over Ethernet from the PSE to the PD viathe communications link based on the power classification of the PD andthe length of the communications link.
 12. The apparatus of claim 6wherein the controller being configured to determine an amount of powerto be supplied via Power over Ethernet from the PSE to the PD comprisesthe controller being configured to: determine, based on the linkpropagation delay for the communications link, a length of thecommunications link; determine if the length of the communications linkis greater than or equal to a threshold length; determine a first amountof power to be supplied to the PD if the communications link has alength that is greater than or equal to the threshold length; anddetermine a second amount of power to be supplied to the PD if thelength of the communications link is less than the threshold length, thesecond amount of power being less than the first amount of power. 13.The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the controller being configured todetermine an amount of power to be supplied via Power over Ethernet fromthe PSE to the PD comprises the controller being configured to:determine, based on the link propagation delay for the communicationslink, a length of the communications link; determine if the length ofthe communications link is greater than or equal to a threshold length;determine, based on the power classification of the PD and the length ofthe communications link, a first amount of power to be supplied to thePD associated with the power classification of the PD if thecommunications link has a length that is greater than or equal to thethreshold length; and determine, based on the power classification ofthe PD and the length of the communications link, a second amount ofpower to be supplied to the PD if the length of the communications linkis less than the threshold length, the second amount of power being lessthan the first amount of power.
 14. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein theapparatus at the PSE further comprises a power supply, the controllerbeing further configured to control the power supply to supply thedetermined amount of power to the PD via POE.
 15. An apparatus at apowered device (PD) comprising: a transceiver configured to transmit andreceive data via a communications link with a power source equipment(PSE); and a controller configured to: determine, based on the linkpropagation delay for the communications link, a length of thecommunications link; determine a classification load for the PD based ona power need of the PD and the length of the communications link;provide the determined classification load onto the communications linkto indicate a requested power to a PSE.
 16. The apparatus of claim 15wherein the controller configured to determine, based on the linkpropagation delay for the communications link, a length of thecommunications link comprises the controller configured to determine apropagation delay for the communications link based on a synchronizationmessage exchange between the PSE and the PD in accordance with IEEE802.1AS, and to determine a length of the communications link.